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Aberdeen
is Scotland’s third-largest city, on the east
coast, fifty seven miles northeast of Dundee, between the mouths
of the Rivers Dee and the River Don, now the main administrative and commercial
centre of northeast Scotland. Formerly a royal burgh, county
of city, and county town of Aberdeenshire, in 1975 the City
of Aberdeen became a district of Grampian Region, and also its
headquarters.
By
the 13th century Aberdeen was an important trade and fishing
centre. It developed into a major commercial port and in the
19th century shipbuilding was an important part of the economy.
The decline in these industries in the middle of the 20th century
was offset by the discovery of North Sea oil in the late 1960s
when the city became the major centre for servicing the offshore
oil fields. The busy harbour also has the terminal for the ferry
service to Shetland. In the late 19th and early 20th
centuries, its long beach made it a popular holiday resort.
The city had an extensive trade in finished granite, which
was also used for many of the buildings, giving it the nickname
‘Granite City’. Other important industries were
cotton, linen, engineering, comb-making and paper-making. The
centre of the city is built largely on a series of road viaducts
spanning the deep valleys of minor watercourses. Its main street,
Union Street is a remarkable piece of urban planning soaring
over the old town. The Assembly Rooms were built by Archibald
Simpson in 1820, in neo-Greek style with a massive Ionic portico;
the Music Hall by James Matthews was added to the north in 1858.
A granite columnar screen by John Smith fronts the St Nicholas
Kirkyard, which has many interesting tombs. The St Nicholas
Kirk dates from the 12th century, and was divided into two churches
at the Reformation; both were later rebuilt: West St Nicholas
by James Gibbs and East St Nicholas by Archibald Simpson.
Towards the northeast end of Union Street is the Town House,
whose 17th century core is largely masked by a flamboyant Flemish-Gothic
extension by Peddie. Nearby stands the Mercat Cross (1686),
justly described by Lord Cockburn as ‘the finest of its
kind in Scotland’. On Rosemount Viaduct is a trio of imposing
public buildings: the Public Library by George Watt, St Mark’s
Church by Marshall Mackenzie, and His Majesty’s Theatre
by Frank Matcham. Mackenzie also supplied the flamboyant design
for Marischal College.
Aberdeen’s
many museums and art galleries include Aberdeen Art Gallery
and Museum, in Schoolhill, designed by Marshall Mackenzie, and
Aberdeen Maritime Museum, in Shiprow; the building includes
the 16th century Provost Ross’s House, restored in 1954
by the National Trust for Scotland. Provost Skene’s House,
now a museum, also dates from the 16th century; it later belonged
to Sir George Skene, provost 1676—85. Other points of
interest include the Bridge of Dee, built in the 152Os by
Bishop Gavin Dunbar. Just beyond it lies the extensive Duthie
Park, opened in 1883, with the David Welch Winter Gardens, the
UK’s largest.
Old
Aberdeen, originally a separate burgh, now a northern
suburb, contains the medieval Bridge of Balgownie, and
the Cathedral Church of St Machar, a twin-towered granite building
dating mainly from the 15th century; the nave and tower are
still in use as a church and the ruined transepts are in the
care of Historic Scotland. It also has the main campus of Aberdeen
University. The main campus of Robert Gordon’s University
is in the city centre. The city’s international airport
is at Dyce, to the northwest. Aberdeen is the entertainment,
leisure and cultural centre of North-East Scotland and host
to a wide variety of public
events.
Jack Webster's Aberdeen. Aberdeen has had its fair share of attention from historians down the centuries. But in this fresh look at the story, Jack Webster condenses the knowledge and wisdom of past research and focuses on the later history. He observes the city's dramatic transformation in the twentieth century, when it went from an economy based on farming, fishing, textiles and granite to an industry which outshone them all. Who could have guessed that the Granite City would take on an international reputation as the oil capital of Western Europe? The events that unfolded from the 1960s were to transform the prosperity of Aberdeen and the North East of Scotland on an unprecedented scale. Jobs, housing, hotels and restaurants sprang up everywhere, and the standard of living was raised to a level unthinkable to a previous generation. Jack Webster's Aberdeen .
If
you would like to Tour Aberdeen on a highly personalized small
group tour of my native Scotland please e-mail me: Sandy
Stevenson
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